Tinjauan Fikih Muamalah Tentang Penetapan Mu`Nah (Biaya Pemeliharaan Barang Gadai) pada Produk Arrum BPKB bagi UMKM di Pegadaian Syariah Kramat Raya Jakarta Pusat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59059/maslahah.v2i4.1572Keywords:
Sharia Pawnshops, ARRUM BPKB Product, Mu`nah (maintenance or guarding services)Abstract
Based on the existence of a sharia pawnshop product called ARRUM BPKB which is specifically intended for UMKM (Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan menengah/Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) who need additional capital. However, in the pawning process, the customer must pay the maintenance fee for the pawned goods or what is called mu'nah. Because of this additional cost in the process of maintaining the pawn item, there is an opinion that says that the additional maintenance costs contain riba. Therefore, the aims of this study is to find out how the determination of mu'nah (maintenance costs for pawn items) and the suitability of the determination of mu'nah based on Fiqh Muamalat. This research is Qualitative research with the type of case study. In this research, the analysis of various factors related to this problem was carried out. This research used an approach through observation to Pegadaian Syariah Kramat Raya, Central Jakarta. The primary sources in this study is the data collected by researchers from Sharia pawnshops, such as documents and interviews, while secondary sources in this study is relevant literature. The results of this study indicate, 1) the determination of mu'nah on ARRUM BPKB products in sharia pawnshops is by considering the risk amount of the guarantee itself. 2) Mu'nah determination on BPKB ARRUM products for UMKMs in Sharia Pawnshops is in accordance with Fikih Muamalah and Fatwa Number 92 / DSN-MUI / IV / 2014 regarding accompanied financing (Rahn Al-Tamwil Al-Mautsuq bi Al-Rahn) that mentions mu ' nah (maintenance or guarding services) for marhun, the amount of which must be determined at the time of the contract as referred to as ujrah in the ijârah contract.
References
Undang-undang Nomor20 Tahun 2008 tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah.
Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah
UKM Indonesia, https://www.ukmindonesia.id/baca-artikel/62
Tim Penyusun kamus Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengemabangan Bahasa, Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia.
Taymiyah, Ibnu, al-Qawaid al-Nuraniyah al-Fiqhiyyah , Riyadh: Maktabah al-Rusyd, 2001.
Syifa, Wildatus, “Pengembangan Pembiayaan Modal Ventura sebagai Alternatif Modal bagi UMKM dalam sektor Microfinance”, Tesis, Ciputat: Institut Ilmu Al-Qur`an (IIQ) Jakarta, 2019.
Suryati, “Emas Sebagai Jaminan Untuk Pembiayaan Produk Mulia di Pegadaian Syariah Kramat Raya Jakarta Pusat Prespektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah”, Tesis, Ciputat: Institut Ilmu Al-Qur`an (IIQ) Jakarta, 2019.
Surahman, Maman dan Panji Adam, “Penerapan Prinsip Syariah, pada Akad Rahn di Lembaga Pegadaian Syariah”,dalam Jurnal Law and Justice Vol.2, No: 2 Oktober, 2017.
Sam, Ichwan, dkk, Himpunan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional MUI, Ciputat: CV. Gaung Persada, 2006.
Sahroni Oni, Fikih Muamalah Kontemporer Jilid 3, Jakarta: Republika Penerbit, 2020
Rusyd, Ibnu, Bidayatul Mujtahid, Jakarta: Pustaka Azzami, 2007.
Puspita, Ira Chandra, “Pengembangan Konsep Rahn dalam Pegadaian Syariah di PT Pegadaian (Persero) Indonesia”, Universitas Brawijaya, 2007.
Pusat Pengkajian Hukum Islam dan Masyarakat Madani (PPHIMM), Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Jakarta: Kencana, 2009.
Purbasari, Indah dan Sri Rahayu, “Analisis Penerarapan Akad Rahn (Gadai) dan Pengenaan Biaya Administrasi Rahn di Pegadaian Syariah (Studi Empiris di Kantor Cabang Pegadaian Syariah Pamekasan)”, dalam Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Islam, Vol. 1, No. 1, Mei, 2017.
Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor31/PJOK.05/2016 tentang Usaha Pegadaian
Pegadaian Syariah, https://pegadaiansyariah.co.id./profil/dewan-pengawas-syariah# diakses tanggal l5 Mei 2020.
Pandia, Frianto dkk, Lembaga Keuangan, Jakarta: Pt Rineka Cipta, 2005.
Nafis, Cholil, Teori Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Jakarta: UI Press, 2011
Musthofa Imam, Fiqih Mu’amalah Kontemporer, Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2016.
Munawwir, Ahmad Warson, Al-Munawwir Kamus Arab-Indonesia, Surabaya: Pustaka Progressip, 1997
Muhammad, Syamsuddin bin Abi ‘Abas, Nihâyatu al-Muhtâji ilâ Syarh al-Minhâj, Beirut: Dar al-FIkr,1984.
Muhammad, Ibrahim bin, Al-Mabda’ fii Syarh al-Maqna’, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ulumiyyah,1997.
Muhammad, Hâsyiyah al-Dasûqî ‘ala al-Syarh al-Kâbîr, Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr, t.t.
Muhammad, Abdul Kadir, Hukum Perdata Indonesia, Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2000.
Muftifiandi, “Peran Pembiayaan Ar-rum Bagi UMKM Pada Pegadaian Syariah SImpang Patal Pelembang”, dalam Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, Vol. 1 Juli 2015.
Mubarak Jaih dan Hasanuddin Fikih Muamalah Maliyyah Prinsip-prinsip Perjanjian, Bandung: Simbiosa Rektama Media, 2018.
Mazid, Nazori dan Rina Novriyanti, “Pengaruh Pembiayaan ARRUM (Rahn Untuk Usaha Mikro), terhadap nasabah (Studi pada Pegadaian Syariah Cabang Jelutung Jambi”.
Majah, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Yazid Al-Qazwini Ibnu, Kutubu al-Sittah, Jakarta: Al-Mahira
Lubis, Delima Sari, “Kontroversi Hukum Pegadaian Syariah”, dalam Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, Vol. 4 No. 2, 2018.
Khallaf, Abdul Wahab, Ilmu Ushul Fikih, Quwait: Dar Al-Qalam, 1978
Khalaf, Ibnu bathâl Abu al-Hasan bin Ali , Syarh Shahîh al-Bukhari ibnu bathâl, Riyadh: Maktabah al-Rusyd, 2003.
Huda, Nurul dan Mohamad Heykal, Lembaga Keuangan Islam, Prenamedia Group: Jakarta, 2015.
Hidayatullah, Syarif, Qawaid fiqhiyyah dan Penerapannya dalam Transaksi Keuangan Syariah Kontemporer (Muamalat Maliyyah Muashirah), Jakarta: Granata Publishing, 2012
Hasan, Ahmad, Nazhariyyat al-Ujur fi al-Fiqh al-Islami: Dirasah Tahliliyyah Mubtakirah li Fiqh al-Mu’amalat al-Maliyyah, tt: Dar Iqra, t.th.
Harsono, Budi, Tiap Orang Bisa Menjadi Pengusaha Sukses dan Kelas Dunia Melalui UMKM, Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo, 2014.
Harisah, “Penerapan Multi Akad dalam Kontrak Gadai di Pegadaian Syariah dan Bank Jawa Timur Syariah Sampang Madura”, Tesis, Ciputat: Institut Ilmu Al-Quran (IIQ) Jakarta, 2017.
Hamka, “Tafsir Al-Azhar”, Depok: Gema Insani, 2018.
Hakim, Atang Abd, Fiqh Perbankan Syariah, Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, 2011.
Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI), http://www.dsnmui.or.id/ .
Djazuli, Ahamad, Kaidah-kaidah Fikih, Jakarta: Kencana, 2011.
Dewi, Retno Nursetya Utami, “Produk Qardh Beragun Emas dan Pembiayaan Kepemilikan Emas di Bank Syariah dalam Kajian Hukum Islam (Studi Kasus di Bank Syariah Mandiri)”, Tesis, Ciputat: Institut Ilmu Al-Qur`an (IIQ) Jakarta, 2017.
Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Himpunan Fatwa Syariah Nasional, Ciputat: CV Gaung Persada Press, 2006.
Dapertemen Agama RI, Al-Quran dan Tafsirnya, Jakarta: PT. Sinergi Pustaka Indonesia, 2012
Bâsyâ, M uhammad Qodri Bâsyâ, Mursyid al-Hairân ilâ Ma’rifati Ahwali al-Insân, Al-Mathba’ah al-Kubra al-Amiriyah Bibulaqi,1891.
Ascarya, Akad dan Produk Bank Syariah, Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2015.
Arifin, Zainul,, Dasar-dasar Manajemen Bank Syariah, Jakarta: Pustaka Alvabet.
Antonio, Muhammmad Syafi’i, Bank Syariah dan Teori ke Praktek, Jakarta: Tazkia Cendekia, 2015
Amin, Mu’ruf, Prospek cerah Perbankan Islam, Jakarta: Lekas 2007
Al-Syarbîniî, Syamsuddin Muhammad bin Ahmad, Mughni al-Muhtâja ilâ Ma’rifah ma’ânî al-Fadzi al-Manhâji, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub, 1994.
Al-Shon’ânî, Muhammad bin Ismail al-‘Âmir, Subulu al-Salâm,, Vol. III, Bairut: Dar Ibnu Jauzi, 2016
Al-Shobuni, Muhammad Ali, Shofwah al-Tafasir, Kairo: Dar al-Shobuni, 1997
Al-Sarkhasî, Muhammad bin Ahmad, Al-Mabsûth, Beirut: Dar al-Ma‘rifah, 1993.
Al-Râzî, Ahmad bin ‘Ali Abu Bakar, Ahkamul al-Qur`an, Beirut: Dar al-Ihyâ, 1984.
Al-Mishri, Rafiq Yunus, Fiqh al-Mu’âmalat al-Mâliyyah, Demaskus: Dar al-Qalam, 2007.
al-Manzhur, Ibnu, Lisanul ‘Arab, Beirut: Dar Shadir, t.th.
Al-Jamaili, Abu Muhammad muwafiquddin bin Qudamah, Al-Mughî Libni Qudamah, (Maktabah Qôhirah,1968.
Al-Ghuryani , Al-Shadiq ‘Abd al-rahman, Ahkam al-Mu’amalat al-Maliyyah fi al-Fiqh al-Islami, Tripoli Libia: al-Jamiah al-Maftuhah, 2002.
Al-Damîrî Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz, Al-Syâmil fî fiqhi al-Imâm Mâlik, Makhraj najibuwaih, 2008.
Al-Bukhori, Muhammad bin Ismail, Al-Jami’u al-Shahih lî al-Imam al-Bukhori, Beirut: Dar Thuqu al-Najah, 2001.
Al-Buhuti Manshur bin Yunus, Kasyaf al-Qina’ ‘an Matan al-Iqna’i, Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, t.th.
Al-Baghdâdî, ‘Abdurrahman bin Muhammad, Irsyâdu al-Sâliki ilâ asyrafi al-Masâliki fî fiqhi al-Imam Malik, Mesir: Syirkah Maktabah Al-Babi al-Halibi, t.th.
_____________, Fikih Muamalah Maliyyah Akad Tabarru’, Bandung: Simbiosa Rektama Media, 2018.
_____________, Fikih Muamalah Maliyyah Akad ijârah dan Ju’alah, (Bandung: Simbiosa Rektama Media, 2018.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Maslahah : Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Syariah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
