Dinamika Penegakan Hukum Pertambangan di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal: Antara Regulasi dan Realitas : (Studi Kasus di Kec. Kota Nopan, Kec. Huta Bargot, dan Kec. Batang Natal)

Budi Santoso; Pajriah Putri Islamy

doi:10.59059/mandub.v3i3.2764

Authors

Budi Santoso Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara
Pajriah Putri Islamy Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59059/mandub.v3i3.2764

Keywords:

Illegal Mining, Kota Nopan District, Law Enforcement, Mandailing Natal, Mining Law

Abstract

Mining activities in Mandailing Natal Regency, particularly in Kota Nopan, Huta Bargot, and Batang Natal Districts, play a significant role in the local economy while simultaneously generating complex legal, environmental, and social problems. Despite the existence of comprehensive national regulations such as the Mineral and Coal Mining Law and regional bylaws, enforcement remains weak, as indicated by the persistence of illegal mining (PETI), environmental degradation, and conflicts of interest among various stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of mining law enforcement by employing a juridical-empirical approach that combines the review of statutory regulations, secondary data, and field observations in three sample districts. The findings reveal that law enforcement is far from optimal due to structural constraints, including limited institutional capacity and inconsistent implementation, as well as cultural and economic factors, such as the community’s dependence on mining as a primary livelihood. Moreover, political and economic interests often weaken oversight and create selective enforcement, further widening the gap between regulation and practice. The study emphasizes that law enforcement in the mining sector should not rely solely on repressive measures but must be integrated with community empowerment, sustainable livelihood alternatives, and the strengthening of institutional governance. Therefore, reforming regional regulations, improving inter-agency coordination, enhancing law enforcement capacity, and ensuring active community participation are crucial steps to build legal, fair, and sustainable mining governance in Mandailing Natal.

References

Aritonang, R. A., & Simanjuntak, D. (2019). Analisis dampak pertambangan emas tanpa izin terhadap lingkungan hidup di Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, 49(3), 455–472. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol49.no3.1781

Darmawan, H., & Wibowo, R. (2021). Konflik sosial dalam praktik pertambangan emas ilegal di Indonesia: Studi kasus di Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 15(2), 345–367. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v15i2.2291

Dewi, A. S., & Pratama, I. R. (2020). Keadilan lingkungan dalam penegakan hukum pertambangan. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 9(1), 71–89. https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v9i1.381

Harahap, M. R. (2022). Politik lokal dan dilema penegakan hukum tambang rakyat di Mandailing Natal. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 26(1), 112–129. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.61274

Hasibuan, F., & Lubis, A. (2018). Tumpang tindih regulasi pertambangan di Indonesia: Analisis terhadap UU Minerba dan UU Pemerintahan Daerah. Jurnal Yustisia, 7(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v7i2.26410

Kurniawan, A., & Sari, P. (2021). Penegakan hukum lingkungan dalam aktivitas pertambangan ilegal: Perspektif hukum progresif. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 28(3), 489–507. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol28.iss3.art7

Lubis, T., & Siregar, S. (2020). Dampak pertambangan emas terhadap kesehatan masyarakat di Mandailing Natal. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 16(2), 211–220. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v16i2.25791

Manurung, S., & Pane, J. (2021). Peran pemerintah daerah dalam pengawasan pertambangan emas tanpa izin (PETI). Jurnal Bina Hukum Lingkungan, 6(1), 77–98. https://doi.org/10.24970/jbhl.v6i1.167

Nasution, A. (2022). Dinamika hukum pertambangan di Sumatera Utara: Antara regulasi dan praktik di lapangan. Jurnal Rechtsidee, 9(2), 254–273. https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v9i2.1673

Prabowo, H., & Nugroho, Y. (2017). Illegal mining in Indonesia: Structural and cultural explanations. Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities, 10(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v10i2.75

Putra, R. D., & Mulyani, L. (2019). Kebijakan pemerintah terhadap tambang rakyat: Studi evaluatif di Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Kebijakan Publik, 5(2), 134–152. https://doi.org/10.22212/jkp.v5i2.231

Simanjuntak, P., & Ginting, R. (2023). Strategi penanggulangan tambang emas ilegal berbasis masyarakat. Jurnal Pembangunan Daerah, 11(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpd.112.03

Sinaga, A., & Marbun, J. (2021). Penegakan hukum terhadap pertambangan tanpa izin: Perspektif hak asasi manusia. Jurnal HAM, 12(3), 321–339. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2021.12.321-339

Sudibyo, A., & Hidayat, R. (2018). Environmental degradation due to small-scale gold mining in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law, 4(2), 99–118. https://doi.org/10.15642/ijel.2018.4.2.99-118

Yuliana, D., & Ramadhan, F. (2020). Tantangan penegakan hukum pertambangan mineral dan batubara pasca UU No. 3 Tahun 2020. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 17(3), 401–416. https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v17i3.487