Efektivitas Penerapan Pidana Tambahan Ganti Kerugian Sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Penipuan Transaksi Jual Beli Online

Ali Imron; Denny Latumaerissa; Mieke Aprilia Utami; Triyani Triyani

doi:10.59059/mandub.v4i3.3317

Authors

Ali Imron Universitas Pamulang
Denny Latumaerissa Universitas Pattimura
Mieke Aprilia Utami Universitas Cahaya Bangsa
Triyani Triyani Universitas Wanita Internasional

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59059/mandub.v4i3.3317

Keywords:

additional punishment, additional punishment, compensation, legal protection, online fraud, online trading

Abstract

The rapid growth of online buying and selling transactions in Indonesia has been accompanied by a rise in fraud cases that cause both material and immaterial losses to consumers. The Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) only regulates principal punishment in the form of imprisonment and/or fines for offenders, without explicitly obliging compensation for victims, so that the restoration of victims' rights is mostly pursued through a lengthy and costly civil law process. This article aims to examine the regulation of compensation as an additional punishment for victims of online trading fraud and to analyze the effectiveness of its implementation as an instrument of legal protection. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach, analyzed qualitatively and prescriptively on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results show that the concept of additional punishment in the form of compensation payment is recognized within the Indonesian criminal law system, yet its application to victims of online trading fraud remains suboptimal because the UU ITE does not explicitly regulate it, the joinder mechanism for compensation claims under the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) is rarely used, and court decisions tend to focus on punishing the offender without regard to restoring the victims' rights. Strengthening regulations that make compensation a mandatory obligation rather than a mere option, accompanied by a swift and accessible restitution mechanism, is necessary to realize restorative justice for victims.

References

Al Farizy, S. (2024). Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam kasus penipuan transaksi e-commerce. Jurnal Hukum Positum, 9(2), 204-218. https://doi.org/10.35706/positum.v9i2.13002

Andaiyani, S., Yunisvita, Taufiq, & Pratiwi, M. (2023). Optimalisasi peran perguruan tinggi: Pentingnya literasi keuangan digital dalam mencegah cybercrime. Sricommerce: Journal of Sriwijaya Community Services, 4(2), 119-130. https://doi.org/10.29259/jscs.v4i2.148

Arwana, Y. C. (2022). Victims of cyber crimes in Indonesia: A criminology and victimology perspective. Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review, 2(2), 181-200. https://doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v2i2.53754

Ekayani, L., Djanggih, H., & Suong, M. A. A. (2023). Perlindungan hukum nasabah terhadap kejahatan pencurian data pribadi (phising) di lingkungan perbankan. Journal of Lex Philosophy, 4(1), 22-40. https://doi.org/10.52103/jlp.v4i1.1485

Fista, Y. L., Machmud, A., & Suartini. (2023). Perlindungan hukum konsumen dalam transaksi e-commerce ditinjau dari perspektif Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Binamulia Hukum, 12(1), 177-189. https://doi.org/10.37893/jbh.v12i1.599

Fonseca, C., Moreira, S., & Guedes, I. (2022). Online consumer fraud victimization and reporting: A quantitative study of the predictors and motives. Victims & Offenders, 17(5), 756-780. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2021.2015031

Kakoe, S., Ruba'i, M., & Madjid, A. (2020). Perlindungan hukum korban penipuan transaksi jual beli online melalui ganti rugi sebagai pidana tambahan. Jurnal Legalitas, 13(2), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.33756/jelta.v13i02.7612

Ksamawantara, I. M. A., Kosasih, J. I., & Widyantara, I. M. M. (2021). Perlindungan konsumen terhadap penipuan yang dilakukan broker forex ilegal. Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum, 2(2), 281-286. https://doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.2.2.3426.281-286

Maharani, F. P. (2024). Perlindungan hukum terhadap korban penipuan online investasi ilegal menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik dalam perspektif hukum pidana. Lex Privatum, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsls.v3i1.4916

Nascimento, A. M., Andrade, J., & de Castro Rodrigues, A. (2023). The psychological impact of restorative justice practices on victims of crimes: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(3), 1929-1947. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221082085

Novita, M. S. (2024). Pentingnya perlindungan hukum bagi korban tindak pidana penipuan dalam proses transaksi jual beli secara online (e-commerce). Desentralisasi: Jurnal Hukum, Kebijakan Publik, Dan Pemerintahan, 2(2), 140-153. https://doi.org/10.62383/desentralisasi.v2i2.690

Nurlail, A., & Harefa, B. (2023). Pengembalian kerugian bagi korban tindak pidana penipuan. In National Conference on Law Studies (NCOLS) 5(1), pp. 454-488). https://conference.upnvj.ac.id/index.php/ncols/article/view/2712

Octaviana, E. W. (2025). Legal protection for online fraud victims in the context of inclusive digital transformation in Indonesia. In Open Society Conference (Vol. 3, pp. 33-38). https://doi.org/10.33830/osc.v3i1.7039

Pangesti, T., & Prastyanti, R. A. (2025). Consumer protection in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia: A case study of fraud in online purchases. JIHAD: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Administrasi, 7(2), 489-495. https://doi.org/10.58258/jihad.v7i2.8740

Permata, S. B., & Wardhana, M. (2024). Analisis yuridis Putusan Nomor 15/Pdt.G/2018/PN.Ngw. mengenai gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum dalam penentuan besaran ganti kerugian materiil dan immateriil atas tindak pidana penipuan. NOVUM: Jurnal Hukum, 315-325. https://doi.org/10.2674/novum.v0i0.62350

Prabowo, M. S., & Sulistianingsih, D. (2023). Reformulation of consumer protection legal policies in the digital business era in Indonesia. Diponegoro Law Review, 8(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.8.1.2023.14-24

Putri, A. H., & Hadrian, E. (2022). Perlindungan hukum bagi korban penipuan jual beli online. KRTHA BHAYANGKARA, 16(1), 131-138. https://doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v16i1.1198

Rahim, I. A., & Laksana, I. G. N. D. (2024). Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen atas cacatnya produk yang diterimanya dalam perdagangan e-commerce. Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum, 12(2), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.24843/KS.2024.v12.i02.p02

Republik Indonesia. (1999). Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/45288/uu-no-8-tahun-1999

Republik Indonesia. (2008). Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/37589/uu-no-11-tahun-2008

Republik Indonesia. (2016). Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/37582/uu-no-19-tahun-2016

Republik Indonesia. (2023). Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/234935/uu-no-1-tahun-2023

Republik Indonesia. (2024). Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/274494/uu-no-1-tahun-2024

Republik Indonesia. (2025). Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/337302/uu-no-20-tahun-2025

Republik Indonesia. (2026). Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 tentang Penyesuaian Pidana. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/337869/uu-no-1-tahun-2026

Saleh, G. (2022). Juridical analysis of the crime of online store fraud in Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 11(1), 151-175. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.11.1.2022.151-175

Sanusi, M. F., & Ariyanti. (2024). Perlindungan hukum terhadap korban tindak pidana penipuan yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha e-commerce berbasis transaksi elektronik. MLJ Merdeka Law Journal, 5(2), 171-178. https://jurnal.unmer.ac.id/index.php/mlj/article/view/15281

Wathan, F. P. (2023). Legal effectiveness in providing consumer protection for online sales and purchase at e-commerce. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management, 2(11), 2707-2718. https://doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v2i11.462