Peradaban Islam di Nusantara Era Walisongo dan Karakteristik Politknya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59059/al-tarbiyah.v4i3.3182Keywords:
Indonesian Archipelago, Islamic Civilization, Islamization, Political Characteristics, Theory of Admission to Islam.Abstract
The arrival of Islam in the Indonesian archipelago was a historical process that occurred gradually through the interaction of various factors, including trade, social, cultural, political, and educational activities. Historiographical studies have produced several theories explaining the origins of Islam, its dissemination routes, and the patterns of its acceptance by local communities across the archipelago. This study aims to comprehensively examine the theories of the arrival of Islam, the channels of its spread, and the patterns of Islamization that developed in Indonesia. The research employed a library research method by reviewing various scholarly sources, including books, journal articles, and relevant historical documents. The findings reveal four major theories regarding the arrival of Islam in the Indonesian archipelago, namely the Arab, Gujarat, Persian, and Chinese theories. Each theory is supported by historical, archaeological, and cultural evidence that offers different perspectives on the Islamization process. The spread of Islam occurred through multiple channels, including trade, marriage, education, Sufism, arts, and political authority. The Islamization process was characterized by peaceful, accommodative, and adaptive approaches to local culture, enabling Islam to be widely accepted without generating significant conflict. Furthermore, Islamization contributed not only to religious development but also to social, cultural, educational, and governmental transformation. Therefore, the arrival and spread of Islam in the Indonesian archipelago constituted a multidimensional process that shaped the moderate, tolerant, and culturally accommodative character of Indonesian Islam.
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